Ohio Memory Quiz: The Ohio Memory Challenge

A. Chillicothe was named capital of the Northwest Territory in 1801. After Ohio became a state in 1803, Chillicothe served as the capital until it was moved to Zanesville in 1810. The capital was moved back to Chillicothe in 1812 and remained there until 1816, when it was permanently moved to Columbus.

B. A proposal to establish Columbus as the state capital was approved by the legislature in 1812, but Columbus was not officially named the capital until 1816, due to the outbreak of the War of 1812.

C. Although it was the first permanent white settlement in the Northwest Territory, Marietta never served as Ohio's state capital. Founded in 1788, Marietta was incorporated in 1800.

A. Although Milan, Ohio native Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp in 1879, he was not the first to develop a light capable of illuminating large spaces. Edison gained fame as an inventor, registering a total of 1,093 patents for such innovations as the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, and the moving picture camera.

B. Cleveland, Ohio inventor Charles Francis Brush invented the arc lamp in 1879, which was used to light streets and large spaces such as department stores. He founded the Brush Electric Company in 1880, which merged with the Edison General Electric Company to become General Electric Company in 1891.

C. Inventor Charles Kettering (1876-1958) of Loudonville, Ohio registered 140 patents, including the self-starting ignition for automobiles, leaded gasoline, and Freon (with Thomas Midgley Jr.). Kettering founded Delco (Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company) in 1909, where he invented many of his products.

A. William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) defeated the combined forces of the British and American Indians at the Battle of the Thames during the War of 1812, but he did not fight in the Civil War.

B. Ulysses S. Grant of Point Pleasant, Ohio, served as commander of the Union Army during the Civil War, and James Garfield became a Major General during the war.

C. Nicknamed the "Regiment of Two Presidents," the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry could claim Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley as its own. Joseph T. Webb, brother of Lucy Webb Hayes, was also a member.

A. William Holmes McGuffey, an Ohio native, was a Miami University of Ohio faculty member when he created the series of textbooks that bears his name in 1836. Between 1870 and 1890, approximately sixty million copies were sold. The popularity of the texts, which emphasized the importance of honesty, hard work, thrift, and personal respect, earned McGuffey the nickname "schoolmaster to the nation."

B. Platt R. Spencer (1800-1864) developed the Spencerian style of handwriting in the nineteenth century. Born in E. Fishkill, New York, Spencer moved to Ashtabula County, Ohio when he was ten years old.

C. Champaign County schoolteacher Albert B. Graham founded a Boys' and Girls' Agriculture Experiment Club, later known as 4-H, in 1902.

A. Alexander Graham Bell gave President Rutherford B. Hayes instructions on how to use the telephone when it was installed in the White House in 1879.

B. The 29th President of the United States, Warren Gamaliel Harding, (1865-1923) was the first President born after the Civil War. He launched his famous "front porch" 1920 presidential campaign from the porch of his Victorian home in Marion, Ohio.

C. Cincinnati native William Howard Taft, (1857-1930), was the only former president to serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Appointed by Warren G. Harding in 1921, Taft served as Chief Justice until 1930.

A. Orville was at the controls on the first flight in 1903.

B. Although Orville was at the helm on December 17, 1903, both Wright Brothers - Orville and Wilbur - contributed to the development of the Wright Flyer.

C. Milton Wright, father of Orville and Wilbur Wright, was a Bishop in the United Brethren in Christ Church. He encouraged his sons to study the mystery of flight, and often wrote in his diary of their accomplishments.

A. The first American to orbit the Earth, John Glenn flew 59 bombing missions in World War II and was a combat pilot in Korea. After turning to politics, Glenn became the first four-term Senator from Ohio.

B. Eddie Rickenbacker won the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions on September 25, 1918, when he attacked a German force of seven aircraft and managed to shoot down two. Following World War I, he purchased the Indianapolis Speedway, home of the Indianapolis 500.

C. After close to 300 para-jumping missions in Vietnam, William H. Pitsenbarger pinned down under fire in a Viet Cong ambush when he elected to stay and treat the wounded rather than retreat. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

A. Although not Ohio's state fossil, brachiopods, small clam-like animals, first appeared in the waters that covered present-day Ohio during the Ordovician Period (505-438 million years ago).

B. Dunkleosteus terrelli, a massive armored fish reaching 16 feet or more in length and probably approaching a weight of two tons, lived in northeast Ohio during the late Devonian period (350 million years ago).

C. Isotelus maximus, a species of trilobite, lived in Ohio during the Ordovician Period, and fossil specimens have been found that date from between 505 and 438 million years ago. It was named Ohio's state fossil in 1985.

A. Betsy Mix Cowles (1810-1876) of Austinburg became one of Ohio's leading female educators and played a leading role in the abolition and suffrage movements.

B. As treasurer of the National Woman's Suffrage Association, Harriet Taylor Upton coordinated the business of the association from her home in Warren from 1903 to 1910. After the 19th Amendment was passed giving women the right to vote in 1920, she made an unsuccessful run for Congress.

C. Sharpshooter Annie Oakley, born Phoebe Anne Oakley Moses, grew up on a farm in rural Darke County, Ohio, near Greenville. She learned how to shoot as a young girl, when she helped feed her family by shooting game in the surrounding forest.

A. At 465 square miles, Madison County is Ohio's 35 largest county.

B. Ashtabula County is Ohio's largest county, with over 700 square miles. Neighboring Lake County is the smallest county in Ohio, with 228 square miles.

C. Despite the city of Cleveland, one of Ohio's largest cities, Cuyahoga County ranks 38th in the state in terms of square miles. To learn more about your county, click on the County Map.

A. Before becoming the seventeenth state in 1803, Ohio passed a constitution on November 29, 1802. However, a flag was not adopted by the legislature.

B. Ohio adopted a new constitution in 1851, allowing for the direct election of government officials, including judges. Despite changes to the constitution, it still prohibited African Americans and women from voting.

C. Cleveland architect John Eisenmann designed Ohio's pennant-shaped flag for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York in 1901. It was officially adopted as Ohio's state flag in 1902.

D. None of the above.

A. At the 1893 World's Fair, Frederick Douglass heard Dunbar recite one of his poems, and called him "the most promising young colored man in America." Paul Laurence Dunbar, who was born the son of former slaves in Dayton, Ohio, is acknowledged as the first significant African American poet in the United States.

B. In 1861 the Cincinnati Gazette declared African American artist Robert S. Duncanson of Cincinnati "the best landscape painter in the west."

C. Col. Charles Young was one of the first high-ranking African Americans in the military. In 1889 he became the third African American graduate from West Point, and he was the highest-ranking African American to serve in World War I.

A. Because Cincinnati Reds outfielder William "Dummy" Hoy was deaf, umpire's hand signals were instituted.

B. Gilmore, Ohio native Denton "Cy" Young pitched the first no-hitter in American League history in a game against the Philadelphia Athletics on May 5, 1905.

C. Ohio Wesleyan University graduate and coach Branch Rickey became manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers. In 1945 he signed Jackie Robinson, integrating baseball.

A. Located in Portage County, Ohio, Hiram College claims such distinguished alumni President James A. Garfield, poet Vachel Lindsay, and hymn composer Jessie Brown Pounds.

B. With its decision to admit women in 1837, Oberlin College became the nation's first interracial, co-educational college.

C. The first institution of higher learning in the Northwest Territory, Ohio University was founded in 1804, one year after Ohio became a state.

A. The Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning Valley was one of the first in the nation to have a room devoted to helping women with issues of child-rearing, housekeeping, and other daily life concerns. After a visit to the library in October 1939, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt praised the library's work in creating the mother's room and wrote, "I wish there were such a room in every library."

B. The Lakewood Public Library was established in 1916 and was funded by a combination of tax levies, board of education funds and an Andrew Carnegie gift.

C. The Brumback Library in Van Wert, Ohio, was the nation's first county library and was a pioneer in providing library service in rural America.

A. A native of Norwalk, Ohio, Paul Brown coached the Cleveland Browns to four straight AAFC titles (1946-1949) and 3 NFL titles (1950, 1954, 1955). In 1968, he formed the Cincinnati Bengals.

B. "Golfer of the Century" Jack Nicklaus was born in Columbus, Ohio and holds the record for Masters wins (6), and shares the record for PGA championships (5) and U.S. Open titles (4).

C. Born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, Arnold Palmer won the American Golf Classic held in Akron in 1962.

A. Fifteen factories manufactured underwear in Piqua, Ohio between the 1880 and 1980s, giving the city the nickname "underwear capital of the world."

B. The "glass capital of the world," Toledo is home to Libbey-Owens-Ford glassworks. C. Disc jockey Alan Freed coined the phrase "rock and roll" in 1951, making Cleveland the "birthplace of rock and roll." d. None of the above

D. All of the above. In late March 1913, an unusually heavy rainstorm moved into Ohio. It rained steadily for five days and the streams all over Ohio rose rapidly. By the third day of the downpour, levees were overtopped and many towns suffered disastrous flooding. Great fires that raged unchecked added to the destruction and the loss of life. When the flood waters receded, tons of mud and debris covered the streets, homes, businesses and factories. The death toll stood at 361. Property damages were well over $100,000,000 and 65,000. Ohioans were forced to temporarily leave their homes.

A. In 1882, Cleveland industrialist Jeptha Wade (1811-1890), a founder of Western Union Telegraph Company, donated seventy acres of land (now known as Wade Oval in University Circle) along Doan Brook to the city of Cleveland for use as a public park. In 1905 the Cleveland MetroParks Zoo moved to Brookside Park near W. 25th Street.

B. In 1875, the Cincinnati Zoo opened for public display. One of the zoo's seven original Japanese-inspired aviaries is now used as the Passenger Pigeon monument.

C. Jack Hanna, who graduated from Muskingum College, served as Columbus Zoo executive director from 1978-1992. He has become popular for his regular television appearances on "Good Morning America," "The Late Show with David Letterman," and "Larry King Live."

88. View photographs, artifacts, and documents from all of Ohio's 88 counties in the Ohio Memory Online Scrapbook.